APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the Italian Armed Forces Day organized by the Embassy of Italy in Ankara on November 4, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the 48th Anniversary of the National and Independence Day of Bangladesh by the Embassy of Bangladesh in Ankara on March 26, 2019.

APAC News in 2019

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the National Day of Egypt by the Embassy of Egypt in Ankara on July 23, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the National Day of Algeria by the Embassy of Algeria in Ankara on November 4, 2019.

Director of APAM Prof.Dr. Selçuk Çolakoğlu participated to the farewell dinner of the  Ambassador of Sri Lanka, Mr. Pakeer Amza hosted by the Ambassador of Kazakhstan, Mr. Abzal Saparbekuly   at the Residence of Kazakhstan in Ankara on June 15, 2019.

APAC participated to the Third Mahatma Gandhi Lecture organized by the Embassy of India in Ankara on July 25, 2019.

APAC participated to a reception to celebrate Africa Day organized by the Embassies of African countries in Ankara on June 14, 2019.

 A delegation from the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia led by Col. Waskita Adhi, Deputy Director for Asia-Pacific Directorate of Strategic Analysis, paid a courtesy visit to APAC Director Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu on March 11, 2019 at the Center. Col. Inf Şaiful Thalib, Defense Attaché of the Embassy of Indonesia in Ankara, Soulama Ijaya, and Mohammad Nazar were the other members of the Indonesian delegation.

APAC Director Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu participated to a public lecture on “the 30th Anniversary of the VELVET Revolution in CzechoSlovakia” presented by Pavol Demeš organized by the Embassy of Slovak in Ankara on December 2, 2019.

APAM participated to an event on the occasion of the 2019 Elections for the 22nd Israeli Parliament (Knesset) organized by the Embassy of Israel in Ankara on September 17, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of "Essence of Malaysia" by the Embassy of Malaysia in Ankara on December 9, 2019.

China's CCTV Ankara Office Representative Chen Huihui and reporter Burak Coşkun paid a courtesy visit to Director of APAC Prof.Dr. Selçuk Çolakoğlu on December 4, 2018.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the National Day and the Armed Forces Day of the Republic  of Korea organized by the Embassy of South Korea in Ankara on October 2, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception to celebrate the Birthday of Queen Elizabeth II  by the Embassy of the United Kingdom in Ankara on June 20, 2019. 

Director of APAC Prof.Dr. Selçuk Çolakoğlu paid a courtesy visit to Ambassador İsmail İssa Rifaie at the Embassy of Jordan in Ankara on March 6, 2019.

APAC participated to a reception on the occasion of the 55th anniversary of the Independence of the Republic of Malta by the Embassy of Malta in Ankara on September 19, 2019.

APAC participated to a reception to celebrate the birthday of the late King of Thailand, H.M. Bhumibol Adulyadej by the Embassy of Thailand in Ankara on December 5, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the Independence Day of Peru by the Embassy of Peru in Ankara on July 26, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the 101 Years of the Restoration of Independence of Lithuania by the Embassy of Lithuania in Ankara on February 14, 2019.

APAC participated  to the inauguration of the exhibition ‘Too Much Love’ by one of the leading Czech painters and designers Jiri Votruba  organized by the Embassy of the Czech Republic in Ankara on May 1, 2019.

Director of APAC Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu participated to the Farewell Reception of Ambassador Roberto Betancourt Ruales organized by the Embassy of Ecuador in Ankara on April 9, 2019.

Director of APAC Prof.Dr. Selçuk Çolakoğlu paid a courtesy visit to Ambassador Gustavo Campos Fallas at the Embassy of Costa Rica in Ankara on July 4, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the 101st Anniversary of the Republic of Latvia by the Embassy of Latvia in Ankara on November 14, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion the 2019 Chinese Lunar Spring Festival organized by the Embassy of China in Ankara on January 27, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the 28th Anniversary of the Independence Day of Kazakhstan  organized by the Embassy of Kazakhstan in Ankara on December 11, 2019.

Director of APAC Prof.Dr. Selçuk Çolakoğlu paid a courtesy visit to Ambassador Kubanychbek Omuraliev at the Embassy of Kyrgyzstan in Ankara on October 2, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the Japanese Self Defence Forces Day by the Embassy of Japan in Ankara on July 5, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the Ukrainian Armed Forces Day organized by the Embassy of Ukraine in Ankara on December 9, 2019.

Director of APAC Prof.Dr. Selçuk Çolakoğlu paid a courtesy visit to Representative Yaser Tai-hsiang CHENG at the Taipei Economic & Cultural Mission in Ankara on July 24, 2019.

Director of APAC Prof.Dr. Selçuk Çolakoğlu paid a courtesy visit to Ambassador Armin Andereya at the Embassy of Chile in Ankara on December 16, 2019.

APAC participated to a celebration of the 243rd Anniversary of the Independence of the United States of America by Embassy of United States in Ankara on July 2, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the National Day of Serbia and the Serbian Armed Forces Day and the Marking of the 140th  Anniversary of Serbia-Turkey Diplomatic Relations organized by the Embassy of Serbia in Ankara on February 12, 2019.

APAC participated to the Pakistan Mango Festival in Ankara by the Embassy of Pakistan on July 26, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the Bicentennial Anniversary of Colombia's Independence by the Embassy of Colombia in Ankara on August 7, 2019.

APAC participated to an opening cocktail for the  “Beautiful Shandong, Birthplace of Confucius” exhibition on July 8, 2018 organized by the Embassy of China in Ankara. 

APAC Director Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu participated to a working lunch   at the Embassy of Mongolia organized by Ambassador Bold Ravdan on November 1, 2019. Ambassador of Russia Aleksei Erkhov, Ambassador of Kazakhstan Abzal Saparbekuly, Ambassador of Sri Lanka Mohamed Rizvi Hassen, and Ambassador of Singapore Jonathan Tow were other participants.

Director of APAC Prof.Dr. Selçuk Çolakoğlu paid a courtesy visit to Ambassador Carmel Vassallo at the Embassy of Malta in Ankara on February 6, 2019.

APAC participated to a cultural programme on the occasion of the "Nevruz Spring Festival" organized by the Embassy of Kazakhstan in Ankara on March 22, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the opening of the new building of the Embassy of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Ankara on October 22, 2019.

APAC participated to Philippine Cultural Festival on the occation of the celebration of the 121st anniversary of Philippine Independece organized by the Embassy of the Philippines in Ankara on June 16, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the 70th Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China by the Embassy of China in Ankara on September 26, 2019.

APAC participated to the celebration of Holi in Ankara organized by the Embassy of India in Turkey on May 5, 2019.

APAC participated to an classical odissi dance recital of Smarana organized by the Embassy of India in Ankara on April 26, 2019.

APAC participated to an event to celebrate the “ASEAN Flag Day” by organized by the Embassy of Brunei Darusselam in Ankara on August 8, 2019. The Embassies of Southeast Asian countries also participated to the event.

APAC participated to a reception on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Independence Day of Afghanistan by the Embassy of Afghanistan in Ankara on August 19, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the 28th Anniversary of the Independence Day of Turkmenistan  organized by the Embassy of Turkmenistan in Ankara on October 9, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the 102nd Anniversary of the Independence of Finland  by the Embassy of Finland in Ankara on December 3, 2019.

APAC participated to the introduction reception for 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games and closing ceremony of  the "Festival of Japan 2019" organized by the Embassy of Japan in Ankara on November 27, 2019 at the Cultural Center of Turkish-Japanese Foundation..

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of India’s 69th Republic Day organized by the Embassy of India in Ankara on January 26, 2019.

APAC participated to a reception on the occasion of the launching of the Romanian Presidency of the Council of the European Union organized by the Embassy of Romania in Ankara on January 15, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the National Day of the Republic of Bulgaria by the Embassy of Bulgaria in Ankara on March 5, 2019.

APAC participated to a reception on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of The Baltic Way organized by the Embassies of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia in Ankara on September 23, 2019.

APAC participated to a cultural programme on the occasion of the "International Mother Language Day" organized by the Embassy of Bangladesh in Ankara on February 21, 2019. Embassies of  Afghanistan, China, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, and Ukraine also contributed the event. Bangladeshi Social Welfare Minister Nuruzzaman Ahmed and the National Security Advisor to the Prime Minister's Office Tarique Ahmed Siddique were the guests of honour of the event.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the National Day and the Armed Forces Day of the Slovak Republic organized by the Embassy of Slovakia in Ankara on September 17, 2019.

APAC participated to the concert of the Norwegian jazz band Helge Lien Trio on January 25, 2019 organized by the Embassy of Norway in Ankara.

APAC participated to a reception to celebrate the 54th National Day of the Republic of Singapore by the Embassy of Singapore in Ankara on August 20, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the National Day of Cameroon by the Embassy of Cameroon in Ankara on May 20, 2019.

APAC participated to a reception on the occasion of the 59th anniversary of the Independence of the Federal Republic of Nigeria by the Embassy of Nigeria in Ankara on October 1, 2019.

The Defence Attache of the Embassy of Romania in Ankara, Colonel  Alin Done, paid a courtesy visit to Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu on December 19, 2019 at the Turkish Center for Asia Pacific Studies.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the 100th Anniversary of the Victory in the War of Independence of Estonia organized by the Embassy of Estonia in Ankara on June 19, 2019.

Director of APAC Prof.Dr. Selçuk Çolakoğlu paid a courtesy visit to charge d'affaires Roey Gilad at the Embassy of Israel in Ankara on July 31, 2019.

Director of APAC Prof.Dr. Selçuk Çolakoğlu paid a courtesy visit to Ambassador Ari Maki and Deputy Ambassador Pirjo Välinoro at the Embassy of Finland in Ankara on September 27, 2019.

APAC Director Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu made a presentation on "Turkey's Asia Anew Initiative" at The ASEAN Ankara Committee meeting organized by Ambassador of Brunei, Shafiee bin Haji Kassim as a chair on October 3, 2019. Ambassadors and charge d'affaires of Thailand, The Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Cambodia were other participants of the meeting.

APAC participated to a celebration on the occasion of the National Day of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan by the Embassy of Pakistan in Ankara on March 23, 2019.

Director of APAC Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu gave a seminar on “Korean Political System” as a guest speaker at the Korean Cultural Center of the Embassy of the Republic of Korea on September 28, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the National Day and the Armed Forces Day of the Republic of Croatia organized by the Embassy of Croatia in Ankara on June 26, 2019.

APAC participated to an evening of "Cabaret Français" featuring by Adrienne Haan organized by the Embassy of Luxembourg in Ankara on February 7, 2019.

​Director of APAC Prof.Dr. Selçuk Çolakoğlu met with Dr. Nils Schmid, Member of German Bundestag and Foreign Policy Speaker of the SPD Parliamentary Group, at the Embassy of Germany in Ankara on October 31, 2019.

APAC participated to a reception on the occasion of the 198th anniversary of the Independence of the Republic of Costa Rica by the Embassy of Costa Rica in Ankara on September 27, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception for the national day of Romania by the Embassy of Romania in Ankara on November 29, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the National Day of Switzerland by the Embassy of Switzerland in Ankara on July 9, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion to celebrate Canada Day by the Embassy of Canada in Ankara on June 28, 2019.

APAC participated to a reception to celebrate International Women’s Day organized by the Embassy of New Zealand in Ankara on March 8, 2019.

​APAC participated to a reception on the occasion of the 74th anniversary of the Independence Day of Indonesia by the Embassy of Indonesia in Ankara on September 20, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception to celebrate the 70th Anniversary of the Bilateral Relations of the Philppines and Turkey by the Embassy of the Philippines in Ankara on November 6, 2019.

APAM participated to the reception on the occasion of the National Day of the Republic of Greece by the Embassy of Greece in Ankara on March 25, 2019.

The Defence Attache of the Embassy of Japan in Ankara, Colonel  Ryo KUMAI, paid a courtesy visit to Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu on September 17, 2019 at the Turkish Center for Asia Pacific Studies.

APAC Director Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu participated to a briefing of Bangladeshi Foreign Secretary Md. Shahidul Haque on "migration governance and the Rohingya crisis" organized by the Embassy of Bangladesh in Ankara on May 19, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the Romanian Armed Forces Day organized by the Embassy of Romania in Ankara on October 25, 2019.

APAC participated to the inauguration of Romanian exhibition  “My Romania” on December 2, 2018 organized by the Embassy of Romaniain Ankara.

APAM participated to the reception on the occasion of the 74th Anniversary of the Independence Day of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam by the Embassy of Vietnam in Ankara on September 4, 2019.

Deputy Ambassador Sergio Iván Juárez P. and Press Secretary Faride Assad Gómez from the Embassy of Mexico in Ankara paid a courtesy visit to  Director Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu on September 24, 2019 at the Turkish Center for Asia Pacific Studies.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the 58th anniversary of the National Day of the State of Kuwait and the 28th anniversary of the Liberation Day by the Embassy of Kuwait in Ankara on February 26, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion the 92nd Anniversary of the Founding People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China organized by the Embassy of China in Ankara on July 30, 2019

The Ankara bureau of China's Xinhua News AgencyShi Chun, Zheng Siyuan, and Shi Yang,  paid a courtesy visit to Director of APAC Prof.Dr. Selçuk Çolakoğlu on August 22, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the Independence Day and the Armed Forces Day of the Republic of Poland by the Embassy of Poland in Ankara on September 25, 2019.

Director of APAC Prof.Dr. Selçuk Çolakoğlu met with Peter Grace, a Teaching Fellow from University of Otago, at the Embassy of New Zealand in Ankara on October 17, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the 28th anniversary of the Independence of the Republic of Ukraine by the Embassy of Ukraine in Ankara on September 12, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the 71st Anniversary of the Independence Day of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka by the Embassy of Sri Lanka in Ankara on February 6, 2019.

Director of APAC Prof.Dr. Selçuk Çolakoğlu met with Political Director Oleksii Makeiev at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine at the Embassy of Ukraine in Ankara on November 5, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the Turkish Alumni and Erasmus Students from Austrian Universities living in Turkey organized by the Embassy of Austria in Ankara on September 16, 2019.

Director Mika Ruotsalainen in the Unit for South-Eastern Europe at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland paid a courtesy visit to APAC Director Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu on December 2, 2019. Deputy Ambassador Pirjo Välinoro and second Secretary Timo Sysiö from the Embassy of Finland in Ankara were also particiated to the meeting.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the 28th anniversary of the Independence Day of the Republic of North Macedonia and the Macedonian Armed Forces Day organized by the Embassy of North Macedonia in Ankara on September 11, 2019.

APAC participated to the Colombian music new year's concert by Alvaro Posada Castano on December 9, 2019 organized by the Embassy of Colombia in Ankara.

Director of APAC Prof.Dr. Selçuk Çolakoğlu met with Dr. Lully MIURA, President of the Yamaneko Research Institute in Tokyo, at the Embassy of Japan in Ankara on October 30, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the 40th Anniversary of the Islamic Revolution of Iran by the Embassy of Iran in Ankara on February 11, 2019.

APAC participated to a reception on the occasion of Europe Day by the Delegation of the European Union to Turkey in Ankara on May 9, 2019.

Deputy Ambassador Hikmat Moeljawan and First Secretary Afrian Asri from the Embassy of Indonesia in Ankara paid a courtesy visit to  Director Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu and Senior Researcher Dr. Ali Rıza Çolpan  on February 25, 2019 at the Turkish Center for Asia Pacific Studies.

APAC participated to the reception on the National Day of the Republic of Austria by the Embassy of Austria in Ankara on November 5, 2019.

APAC participated to a reception on the occasion of the national day of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg organized by the Embassy of Luxembourg in Ankara on June 21, 2019.

APAC participated to a reception on the occasion of the Cuban National Day and the 60th Anniversary of the Cuban Revolution organized by the Embassy of the Republic of Cuba in Ankara on January 9, 2018.

APAC participated to a public lecture of Dr. Shobhana Radhakrishna on "Transformational Leadership of Mahatma Gnadhi" organized by the Embassy of India in Ankara on February 25, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the 56th Independence anniversary of Kenya organized by the Embassy of Kenya in Ankara on December 12, 2019.

APAC participated to a reception to celebrate the 108th Anniversary of the Founding of the Republic of China (Taiwan) by the Taipei Economic & Cultural Mission in Ankara on October 8, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the King's Day of the Netherlands by the Embassy of the Netherlands in Ankara on April 29, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion to celebrate 95th anniversary of the Republic Day and Armed Forces Day and the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Mongolia and Turkey by the Embassy of Mongolia in Ankara on December 26, 2019.

APAC Director Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu participated to an event with the Chief of Australian Defence Force, General Angus J. Campbell  hosted by Ambassador Marc Innes-Brown of Australia in Ankara on April 22, 2019.

APAC participated to the Turkey-Uganda Business Forum in Ankara on July 29, 2019. The Ugandan delegation was consisted by lawmakers and respresentatives from ministries, and public and private companies.

APAC Director Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu participated to a briefing of Iranian Vice Foreign Minister Seyyed Kazem Sajjadpour on "the Iranian foreign policy" organized by the Embassy of Iran in Ankara on May 23, 2019.

APAC Director Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu participated to a reception in honour of the Speaker of Parliament of Singapore Tan Chuan-Jin on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Singapore and Turkey organized by the Embassy of Singapore in Ankara on June 24, 2019.

APAC participated to the Fashion Show ”The Symphony of Flowers”  organized by the Embassy of Romania in Ankara on June 13, 2019.

APAC participated to a Spring Cocktail Reception organized by the Embassy of Singapore in Ankara on April 10, 2019.

APAC participated  to the celebration of the "Portuguese Culture and Language Day" (5th May) in Ankara organised by the Embassies of Portugal, Brazil, and Angola in Turkey on May 6, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the National Day of Tanzania by the Embassy of Tanzania in Ankara on April 25, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the National Day and the Armed Forces Day of the Czech Republic organized by the Embassy of the Czech Republic in Ankara on September 27, 2019.

APAC participated to a reception on the occasion of the 209th anniversary of the Independence Day of Mexico by the Embassy of Mexico in Ankara on September 16, 2019.

Japan's The Asahi Shimbun Istanbul Bureau Chief Fumiaki Sonoyama and reporter Mesut Küçükaslan paid a courtesy visit to Director of APAC Prof.Dr. Selçuk Çolakoğlu on November 18, 2019.

APAC participated to a piano recital featuring by Duo Arzu and Gamze Kırtıl organized by the Embassy of Luxembourg in Ankara on February 7, 2019.

China's CCTV Ankara Bureau reporters Gu Yuting and Burak Coşkun paid a courtesy visit to Director of APAC Prof.Dr. Selçuk Çolakoğlu on December 4, 2018.

APAC participated to the reception on the National Day of the Kyrgyz Republic by the Embassy of Kyrgyzstan in Ankara on September 5, 2019.

APAC participated to a reception on the occasion of the 28th anniversary of the Independence of the Republic of Moldova by the Embassy of Moldova in Ankara on August 28, 2019.

Switzerland's Neue Zürcher Zeitung Istanbul Bureau Chief Volker Pabst paid a courtesy visit to Director of APAC Prof.Dr. Selçuk Çolakoğlu on December 12, 2019.

APAC Director Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu participated to a public lecture of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky at the Crimean Turks Culture and Solidarity Foundation in Ankara on August 7, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the National Day of the Russian Federation by the Embassy of Russia in Ankara on June 12, 2019

APAC participated to the Hungarian national day reception on the occasion to commemorate the 63rd Anniversary of the 1956 Revolution and the War of Independence of 1848-49 organized by the Embassy of Hungary in Ankara on October 22, 2019.


TURKISH CENTER  for ASIA PACIFIC STUDIES

APAC participated to the Kashmir Solidarity Day organized by the Embassy of Pakistan in Ankara on February 12, 2019.

Ambassador of Australia Marc Innes-Brown paid a courtesy visit to  Director Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu on June 26, 2019 at the APAC.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the National Day of Brazil organized by the Embassy of Brazil in Ankara on September 10, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the 55th anniversary of the Independence of the Republic of Zambia by the Embassy of Zambia in Ankara on October 28, 2019.

APAC participated to the inaqural reception of the Sri Lankan Culinary Festival in Ankara by the Embassy of Sri Lanka on February 4, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the National (Throne)  Day of the Kingdom of Morocco by the Embassy of Morocco in Ankara on July 30, 2019.

Director of APAC Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu participated to the Farewell Reception of Ambassador Marin Mottus organized by the Embassy of Estonia in Ankara on June 19, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the Bangladeshi Armed Forces Day organized by the Embassy of Bangladesh in Ankara on November 21, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the National Day of Spain organized by the Embassy of Spain in Ankara on October 10, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the National Day of Belarus by the Embassy of Belarus in Ankara on July 4, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the National Day of Uganda by the Embassy of Uganda in Ankara on November 15, 2019.

APAC participated to the reception for the national day of Qatar by the Embassy of Qatar in Ankara on December 10, 2019.

APAC participated to the Umuganura (Harvesting) Festival in Ankara by the Embassy of Rwanda on August 2, 2019.

The Defence Attache team of the Embassy of Germany in Ankara, Colonel  Frank Tismer and Colonel Dirk Jens Jordan, paid a courtesy visit to Prof. Selçuk Çolakoğlu on August 27, 2019 at the Turkish Center for Asia Pacific Studies.

APAC participated to the reception on the occasion of the 28th Anniversary of Unification of Germany by the Embassy of Germany in Ankara on October 4, 2019.